C₄H₈O Isomers | Chain, Functional, Cyclic Isomers of C₄H₈O

There are different isomers which can be drawn for C₄H₈O molecular formula. Compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, alcohols containing alkene group and cyclic alcohol compounds can be drawn for this molecular formula, C₄H₈O. We can identify these different isomers from several reactions which are discussed later in this tutorial.

In this tutorial, we are going to learn followings.

1. Aliphatic isomers of C₄H₈O
2. Cyclic isomers of C₄H₈O
3. Aliphatic alcohol isomers of C₄H₈O which contain an alkene group
4. How to identify isomers of C₄H₈O

First, we are going to draw aliphatic isomers of C₄H₈O.

Aldehyde and ketone isomers of C₄H₈O

We can draw aliphatic aldehydes and aliphatic ketone for C₄H₈O by changing the chain of carbon atoms and functional group. So these aldehyde and ketone isomers are obtained from structural isomerism section.

Cyclic isomers of C₄H₈O

We can draw cyclic alcohols (not aldehydes and ketones as aliphatic compounds) for C₄H₈O molecular formula. Therefore, -OH group is attached with a carbon atom.

Isomers with alcohol and alkene groups

We can build some aliphatic isomers which contain alcohol and alkene groups. Some of these isomers can show optical isomerism and geometric isomerism.

How to identify C₄H₈O isomers?

Because, these isomers contain different functional groups (alcohols, aldehydes and ketones), they have different reactions. We use like that reactions to identify them.

Identify aldehyde and ketone compounds of C₄H₈O isomers

We know, aldehyde compounds can be oxidized to carboxylic acid (only formaldehyde is oxidized to carbon dioxide) by oxidizing agents such as acidic potassium permanganate. When, aldehyde is oxidized, purple colour of acidic potassium permanganate solution is reduced and become colourless or pale pink.

But, remember that ketone compounds cannot be oxidized easily as aldehyde compounds. Therefore, we can readily identify aldehyde isomers of C₄H₈O from ketone isomers of C₄H₈O.

Identify cyclic isomers of C₄H₈O from C₄H₈O aldehyde and ketone isomers

Cyclic and aliphatic isomers have different active groups. So we can identify them from reactions.

Alcohols react with sodium metal and emit hydrogen gas as product. But, aldehydes or ketones do not react with sodium. So, you can identify cyclic isomers of C₄H₈O from aliphatic isomers (aldehyde or ketone) of C₄H₈O.

Questions asked by students

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What is correct about C₄H₈O isomers

1. There are isomers which contain carboxylic acid groups.
2. There are some isomers which contain alkene group.
3. There are some isomers of C₄H₈O, which can emit hydrogen gas with sodium
4. Some isomers of C₄H₈O give orange colour precipitates with brady's reagent.

From above sentences, 2, 3 and 4 sentences are correct. Because there is no two oxygen atoms in C₄H₈O formula, there cannot exist a carboxylic group (-COOH). In some isomers, there are alkene group and hydroxyl group in same molecule.

We can draw isomers which contains aldehyde or ketone groups. Then, they will give precipitates with brady's reagent.

Which functional groups contain in c4h8o isomers

When we draw all possible isomers for C₄H₈O, alcohol groups, alkene groups, carbonyl groups are met.

Give IUPAC names for several C₄H₈O isomers

There are aliphatic aldehydes, aliphatic ketones, aliphatic enols and cyclic isomers for C₄H₈O formula. Therefore, those isomers have different IUPAC names.

• Butanone
• Butyraldehyde
• Crotyl alcohol
.
• Cyclobutano
• 1,2-Epoxybutane
• 2,3-Epoxybutane.
• Ethyl vinyl ether
• Isobutyraldehyde

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